给初露头角的葡萄酒爱好者的50个葡萄酒知识

作者:酒Country Collective 2024年4月23日

葡萄酒是人类已知的最古老的饮料之一，并继续在全球范围内庆祝. 然而，对于新手来说，葡萄、酿酒和品酒的复杂性似乎有点令人生畏.

别害怕，我们是来帮忙的! 我们整理了50个关于葡萄酒的事实和技巧，旨在为你下次拿起一瓶酒提供信息和力量. So, whether you’re popping a delightful Champagne or a 纳帕 Cabernet, use this guide to take your wine knowledge and experience up a notch. Because when it comes to the world of wine, it’s a big wide world worth exploring.

葡萄

Though you’ll commonly hear grapes referred to as “fruit,植物学家严格地把葡萄归类为浆果，因为每一个果实都是由一朵花形成的.
Researchers believe grapes have existed for around 65 million years, 我们今天享用的一些葡萄品种就是直接从这些原始水果演变而来的.
人类种植葡萄的历史已经有8000年了，比有记载的历史还要早. 考古学家认为，最早的葡萄是在东欧种植的，并从那里传播开来.
罗马人被认为是第一个给不同的葡萄品种起不同名字的人.
有超过10个,科学家已知的葡萄品种多达1000种, 大于1,300 varieties are currently used to make commercial wine around the world.
全球最受欢迎的葡萄包括赤霞珠, 夏敦埃酒和梅洛.
超市里的葡萄被称为餐桌葡萄，它们的表皮比用来酿酒的葡萄薄得多，种子也多得多.
葡萄园面积约为7.3 million hectares (almost 18 million acres) across the globe, 与中国, 意大利, 法国, 西班牙, 美国, and Turkey being the top grape growing countries.
The largest wine producers, however, are 意大利, 法国, 西班牙, the U.S.美国、中国和阿根廷. 2022年，意大利以49人领先.100万升，法国为46万升.生产了600万升葡萄酒.

地区

葡萄生长的地区是决定葡萄酒品质的重要因素. 土壤养分, 日照量, 温度变化, and conditions like moisture and fog deeply affect a wine’s flavor.
“旧世界”葡萄酒是指来自欧洲传统葡萄酒产区的葡萄酒, 如法国, 意大利, 和西班牙, where winemaking practices have centuries of history. “新世界”葡萄酒, 另一方面, 是在美国这样的国家生产的, 澳大利亚, 和智利, where winemaking traditions have been influenced by their European predecessors. New World countries also usually have fewer winemaking rules or restrictions.
Grapes grown in warmer climates tend to have riper fruit flavors, 更明显的酒精含量, 更少的酸度, 更丰满的身体.
Grapes grown in cooler climate regions typically don’t ripen as quickly, which allows the grapes to retain higher levels of acidity, 美好的味道, 还有更轻的身体.
葡萄生长的纬度和海拔也对葡萄酒有很大影响. 例如, 来自门多萨高海拔葡萄园的阿根廷马尔贝克与低海拔地区种植的马尔贝克有着不同的轮廓.
葡萄酒产区遍布整个美国.S.但加州、华盛顿州和纽约州的葡萄酒产量居全国之首.
加州占美国石油产量的大部分.S. wine production, producing about 80% of the nation’s wine.
而起泡酒, 意思是有二氧化碳气泡的酒, 可以在任何地方制作, 只有生长在法国东北部香槟地区的起泡酒才能被称为香槟.

服务

一般来说, white wines should be served before reds; younger wines should be served before older vintages; and dry wines should be served before sweeter ones.
说到上菜的温度, white wines should be served at 45-50 degrees Fahrenheit, while red wines should be served slightly warmer, 50-60华氏度. 甜酒，如波特酒和甜酒，应该在55-65度之间饮用起泡葡萄酒当彻底冷却到43-48华氏度时，效果最好——不仅仅是为了最佳的享受, but also for a seamless experience opening the bottle.
如果你需要快速冷却一瓶葡萄酒, wet a few paper towels or a kitchen towel and wrap them around the bottle. Then, place the wrapped bottle in the freezer for about 15 to 20 minutes. 只是一定要设置一个计时器——如果时间过长，瓶子可能会结冰，甚至破裂.
倾析, the process of pouring wine from its bottle into a separate container, can sometimes improve the wine’s flavor by allowing it to “breathe,“软化了苛刻的单宁，在被禁锢了这么长时间后，让细微的差别得以释放。. It’s a common practice to decant older vintage wines, 特别是, 不仅仅是打开它, 同时也可以将葡萄酒与陈酿过程中积累的沉淀物分开.

杯子里有什么

In general, the color of wine comes from the grapes used. 红葡萄酒通常由紫色或蓝色的葡萄制成，而白葡萄酒则由绿色的葡萄制成.
发酵红酒时, 酿酒师通常将果皮和其他部分连同酒汁一起酿制, causing the wine to taste bolder and look darker. 白葡萄酒仅由果汁制成.
The majority of white wines are lighter in body and have a crisper, 与红葡萄酒相比，有更多的柑橘味.
White wines generally have less alcohol and fewer calories than reds.
红葡萄酒通常装在较大的碗里玻璃器皿因此，大胆的香气和味道可以通过与空气中的氧气混合而产生.
葡萄酒不只是红葡萄酒或白葡萄酒，你还会发现粉红葡萄酒(玫瑰红葡萄酒)，甚至橙酒.
尽管酿酒师会用蓝莓等特定味道来描述葡萄酒, 柑橘类, 甚至是泥土, 葡萄酒实际上并没有任何“调味”. 这些味道和香气来自葡萄, 酿酒过程, 和衰老, 比如在橡木桶里.
橡木桶陈酿的葡萄酒通常有香草、丁香、烟熏、椰子或烤面包的味道. 橡木的种类和陈酿的时间对葡萄酒的最终口感有很大的影响.
当你在你的玻璃, you might notice the liquid forming “legs” that run down the sides. This is often mistakenly thought to indicate the quality of the wine, but it actually reflects the wine’s alcohol content and body. 由于酒精和水的蒸发速率不同，酒精度更高的大酒往往有更明显的酒腿.

如何品尝

The first stage of wine tasting is looking over the appearance of the wine. 用眼睛观察葡萄酒的颜色和粘度可以让你了解葡萄酒的味道和年份.
第二步是分析香味. Swirl the 玻璃 a few times to let oxygen envelope the inside of the 玻璃. 不要害羞——把你的鼻子伸进玻璃杯里，以便捕捉到复杂的细微差别.
The first aromas to hit the nose are associated with aspects of the grapes, 而二级和三级香气则与酿酒过程和葡萄酒的陈酿方式有关.
Take a small sip of wine in order to get a good taste. Roll the wine around your mouth with your tongue and note the different flavors, as well as where those flavors and textures hit your tongue. 当葡萄酒还在你的味蕾上时，噘起嘴唇，吸入一些空气，这也是一种很好的方式来传播更复杂的味道.
吞咽后, 注意回味, which is likely different from how the wine tasted when it first hit your tongue. 它有一个愉快的结束吗? Do the flavors linger on the tongue for several seconds?
Now, draw some conclusions—was this wine too acidic? 太甜? 太多酒精? 还是整个过程都很平衡? 这将帮助你判断一款酒是还可以，还不错，还是简直棒极了.
If you want to be a true connoisseur, write down notes. 记录酒庄, 葡萄品种, 今年, 还有你的思想:那边, 如果你以后想回到同一年份, you’ll have a solid base point for how your tastes have evolved.

配对

葡萄酒以与食物相得益彰而闻名，不同的葡萄酒与不同的菜肴搭配得很好. 广义上讲, 白葡萄酒更适合搭配清淡的食物, 喜欢吃鱼, 家禽, and vegetables; reds tend to go better with red meat or heartier dishes, 但一定要把这作为开始的指导方针. Try matching your wine and food by weight or intensity.
Another tip when pairing is to consider the sauce and/or seasoning. 酒s should complement the dominant flavors of the dish, such as the sauce or seasoning rather than the main ingredient itself. 例如, a creamy sauce might call for a buttery 夏敦埃酒, 而以番茄酱为基础的菜肴则与更酸的葡萄酒如桑娇维塞葡萄酒很搭.
甜酸平衡吗. Sweet dishes tend to pair better with sweeter wines; otherwise, the wine may taste bland. 类似的, 酸的食物，比如加了醋汁的沙拉，和酸度较高的葡萄酒是很好的搭配, 比如长相思.
Sometimes contrasting flavors work well together. 例如，甜味雷司令可以很好地抵消泰国菜的辛辣.
一起生长的东西一起走. When in doubt, pair wine with foods from the same region. This is particularly important in Old World regions, where the food and wine have evolved together culturally.

ag体育正规葡萄酒真相

纳帕 Valley is one of 美国’ oldest wine regions, with its first commercial vineyard established in 1861 by Charles Krug.
ag体育正规被指定为第一个美国葡萄种植区 (AVA)于1981年在加州成立，认识到其独特的气候、地质和历史.
ag体育正规相对较小, 大约30英里长，5英里宽, 但它有明显的种植区, 不同的小气候, and more than half of the world’s recognized soil types.
The region benefits from a Mediterranean climate, which is ideal for viticulture. 温暖的天气有利于葡萄成熟, while the cool nights help maintain grape acidity, 平衡葡萄酒必备.
Although 纳帕 Valley grows many types of grapes, it is most famous for its 赤霞珠又名葡萄之王. The region’s climate and soil are particularly well-suited to this variety, leading to highly sought-after wines with deep flavor, 结构, 衰老潜力.
ag体育正规是 16个不同的AVAs 还有近475家酿酒厂.
纳帕 Valley’s economy is driven by wine, both as far as production and tourism. Alongside excellent wine and hospitality experiences, you’ll find world-class restaurants and top-notch hotels. There’s a reason why 纳帕 Valley attracts millions of visitors each year!
ag体育正规是第一个崇拜的葡萄酒如今，世界上一些最昂贵、最负盛名的葡萄酒都产自ag体育正规.

结论

品酒被视为一种自命不凡的消遣——需要一点知识——的日子已经一去不复返了, 这实际上是非常愉快的. 有了这些关于葡萄酒的基本知识——从气候和地理对葡萄酒酿造的影响，到品酒和上菜的详细技术——你现在已经准备好探索葡萄酒世界的深度和广度了. So, 给自己倒一杯, 品尝浓郁的风味和香气, 为这个历史悠久的传统干杯!

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